我国内陆核电的用水安全          下载免费PDF全文

张爱玲  陈晓秋  刘森林  贾祥 《水文》2015,35(3):69-73

在介绍我国拟建内陆核电机组的安全设计和厂用水系统的基础上,分析了内陆核电的用水需求和保证率要求。结合我国水资源条件及水资源论证现状,对如何保障内陆核电取水水源的可靠性与可行性进行了探讨,并提出了内陆核电用水安全保障措施的建议。  相似文献   

Paleoecology of Oligocarpia gothanii Halle from the Middle Permian of Southeastern Shanxi, North China     

HE Xuezhi  WAN Mingli  YAN Mengxiao  CHENG Chen  WANG Shijun  WANG Jun 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(4):1063-1075

Fossil ferns are abundant and diverse in the Permian Cathaysian Flora of Shanxi, North China. Although plants assemblages of the Carboniferous and Permian have been extensively investigated, their palaeoecology and especially the paleoecology of ferns has not been studied in detail. Recent reinvestigation of Oligocarpia gothanii has revealed its growth habit and cloning reproduction strategy, but most previous studies lack integrated sedimentological and taphonomic data. In this study, new materials of O. gothanii have been collected from a floodplain setting in the middle Permian Lower Shihhotse Formation of southeastern Shanxi. These plant fossils were found in a lenticular claystone associated with rooting structures. They are characterized by aphlebia at the base of the penultimate rachis. Sedimentological, taphonomic and morphological analyses were conducted to understand the growth habit and ecology of the fern. The result indicates that the Oligocarpia gothanii had a prostrate, ground cover growth habit, and was dominant in pioneer floras that colonized disturbed floodplains.  相似文献   

中煤兴安2×350MW热电站工程雷电灾害风险预评估     

秦兆军  李庆君  梁伟  刘雨 《内蒙古气象》2012,(3):38-40

中煤兴安2×350mW热电站项目,拟建于内蒙古自治区兴安盟经济技术开发区内,利用现行技术规范对该热电站进行雷电灾害风险评估,为该站建设提供雷电防护的科学设计、灾害风险控制、经济投资、应急管理等方面服务,保证该项目防雷工程安全可靠、技术先进、经济合理。  相似文献   

植物转基因及其在农业中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曲岷  宋健  白吉刚  王秀娟 《海洋湖沼通报》2008,(4)

综述植物转基因方法和原理及植物转基因在农业中的应用,分析了限制植物转基因发展的因素,展望了转基因植物的应用前景。  相似文献   

Assessment of Diversity, Distribution, Conservation Status and Preparation of Management Plan for Medicinal Plants in the Catchment Area of Parbati Hydroelectric Project Stage -Ⅲ in Northwestern Himalaya     

S.S. Samlant Jitendra S. Butola Aman Sharma 《山地科学学报》2007,4(1):34-56

The developmental activities, particularly the construction of hydroelectric projects are causing a great loss of biodiversity in the Indian Himalayan Region. The Himachal Pradesh, a part of IHR is well known for the development of hydroelectric projects. The Parbati H.E. Project is amongst the major projects of the State. The different stages of the project are all causing loss of biodiversity of the area. Stage Ⅲ of the Parbati H.E. Project is a run of the river scheme on the Sainj River downstream of Power House of Parbati H.E. Project Stage Ⅱ. The project shall utilize regulated discharge of Parbati H.E. Project Stage Ⅱ and inflow of River Sainj for power generation, and has been contemplated as a peaking station operating in tandem with Stage Ⅱ. The present study has been undertaken to see the impact of hydroelectric project on the biodiversity, particularly on medicinal plants. A total of 104 species of medicinal plants, belonging to different life forms, i.e., trees (23 spp.), shrubs (22 spp.), herbs (57 spp.) and ferns (2 spp.) were recorded. The species have been analyzed and studied for their distribution, classification, altitudinal zones, part (s) used, indigenous uses, nativity, endemism and rarity.Different parts of these species, such as whole plants, roots (including rhizomes and tubers), leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, stems, barks, spikes, nuts and insect galls are used by the inhabitants for curing various diseases and ailments. 30 species are native to the Himalayan region, 9 species native to the Himalayan region and adjacent countries also and 65 species are non-natives. 9 species are near endemics. Considering the whole Himalaya as a biogeographic unit (sensu lato), the near endemics are endemic to the Himalaya. Among these species, Zanthoxylum armatum is categorized as Endangered and Valeriana wallichii as Vulnerable. Hedychium spicatum, Rhus javanica, Berberis lycium, Thalictrum foliolossum, Salvia lanata, Rubia cordifolia and Bergenia ligulata may be considered as threatened species due to their over exploitation for trade. 90 species are propagated by seeds, 8 species by seeds and rhizomes/roots/tubers, 4 species by seeds and cuttings, and 2 species by sori. A management plan for the cultivation and conservation of the medicinal plants in the dam submergence area, and the commercially viable medicinal plants with high value in the catchment area is suggested.  相似文献   

Evidence of large rainfall partitioning patterns by banana and impact on surface runoff generation     

Philippe Cattan  François Bussière  Alban Nouvellon 《水文研究》2007,21(16):2196-2205

In this article the effect of redistribution of rainfall by banana on local water fluxes and the possible impact of these fluxes on surface runoff has been studied. First the water redistribution by a banana canopy at three development stages (vegetative, flowering, and bunch stage) was measured. The results showed a considerable stemflow, proportional to the leaf area index (LAI), which represented 18 to 26% of the incident rainfall volume according to the age of the crop. Consequently, the rainfall rate was 28‐fold higher at the plant collar for a fully developed banana canopy. For the throughfall, on average, the higher the LAI, the lower the mean throughfall. In addition, the spatial distribution of the throughfall varied according to the distance from the pseudostem. Notably, for the earlier stages, the area between the pseudostem and 0·5 m from it received weak throughfall. Secondly, simulations were carried out with a simple two‐compartment model simulating the total surface runoff volume. The simulations showed stemflow combined with the agronomical practice of furrowing has an effect on runoff compared to bare soil. A relative increase in surface runoff volume of three‐fold was encountered on a plot with a fully developed banana and a infiltration rate of 60 mm h^?1. However, the absolute increase was only a few percentage of the incident rainfall volume, although it represented large water volumes given the tropical rains. These features must be taken into account for hydrological management of such systems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Dynamic consequence analysis of marine electric power plant in dynamic positioning     

《Applied Ocean Research》2016

Diesel-electric power and propulsion systems with electric thrusters are the industry standard for vessels with dynamic positioning (DP) systems. Diesel engines are paired with generators in generator sets and are used to produce electric power used by thrusters and main propellers during stationkeeping and transit, and other consumers such as hotel load, drilling drives, cranes, and heave compensators. Consequence analysis is used to verify the safety of a DP operation. It is used to check whether there is sufficient running power and thruster capacity available to retain sufficient thrust to maintain vessel position after a worst single failure. Recently, extensions of class rules enable standby generators to be considered in this analysis. This provides a more efficient configuration as relatively fewer generator sets may be running. However, DP performance is degraded during the transition from the fault occurrence until the plant is completely recovered. It is important to determine if this degradation leads to a loss of position during the transition. This study presents a simulation-based dynamic consequence analysis method that can be used to dynamically simulate fault scenarios such that the dynamics of the transient recovery can be analyzed. This analysis can be used for decision-support to configure marine electric power plants in DP. Results from the simulation study show that the currently used static consequence analysis method may provide non-conservative results under certain configurations.  相似文献   

超低排放燃煤电厂一次颗粒物和黑碳实时排放特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘晋宏  孔少飞  冯韵恺  严沁  覃思  刘玺  牛真真  郑淑睿  吴方琪  姚立全  曾昕  燕莹莹  祁士华 《地球化学》2021,50(1):56-66

燃煤电厂是大气一次污染物的重要排放源,其超低排放改造改变了大气颗粒物排放特征。为满足当前高时间分辨率排放清单构建的需要,燃煤电厂颗粒物实时排放质量浓度及关键组分比值亟需更新。本研究基于稀释通道采样系统,对某超低排放改造后的燃煤电厂开展实测,获得该燃煤电厂可吸入颗粒物(PM10)、细颗粒物(PM2.5)、超细颗粒物(PM1.0)和黑碳(BC)的实时排放质量浓度,更新各污染物排放因子,分析PM1.0/PM2.5、PM2.5/PM10和BC/PM2.5质量浓度比值(文中以上比值均为质量浓度比值)日变化。结果表明,上述污染物排放平均质量浓度分别为(5.0±6.0)mg/m^3、(5.0±5.9)mg/m^3、(4.9±5.9)mg/m^3和(36.6±28.3)μg/m^3;对应的排放因子分别为0.03 kg/t、0.03 kg/t、0.03 kg/t和0.2 mg/kg。该燃煤电厂颗粒物排放质量浓度表现出明显的日间变化,高值时段(20:30至次日10:30)PM2.5平均质量浓度是低值时段(10:30~20:30)的12.2倍,推测可能与不同时段的污染控制措施效率变动有关。作为不完全燃烧的产物,黑碳排放高值时段(06:00~12:00和14:30~19:00)的质量浓度是低值时段(00:00~05:00)相应值的1.5~2.4倍,推测与煤的添加和锅炉燃烧效率有关。颗粒物及组分质量浓度的日变化在构建高时间分辨率排放清单时需予以考虑。本研究实测所得PM2.5/PM10和BC/PM2.5比值分别为1.00±0.01和0.03±0.04,均远高于清单编制技术手册中推荐的燃煤电厂相应比值0.3和0.002,采用现有清单编制技术手册的相应比值可能低估了燃煤电厂细颗粒物和黑碳排放,需引起重视。  相似文献   

Ecosystem-driven karst carbon cycle and carbon sink effects          下载免费PDF全文

Zhang Cheng  Xiao Qiong  Wu Ze-yan  Martin Knez 《地下水科学与工程》2022,10(2):99-112

It is recognized that karst processes are actively involved in the current global carbon cycle based on twenty years research, and the carbon sink occurred in karst processes is possibly an important part of “missing sink” in global carbon cycle. In this paper, an overview is given on karst carbon cycle research, and influence factors, formed carbon pools (background carbon sink) and sink increase potentials of current karst carbon cycle are analyzed. Carbonate weathering could contribute to the imbalance item (B_IM) and land use change item (E_LUC) in the global carbon cycle model, owing to its uptake of both atmospheric CO₂ (carbon sink effect) and CO₂ produced by soil respiration (carbon source reduction effect). Karst carbon sink includes inorganic carbon sink resulted from hydrogeochemical process and organic carbon sink generated by aquatic photosynthetic DIC conversion, forming relatively stable river (reservoir) water body or sediment carbon sink. The sizes of both sinks are controlled by terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic ecosystems, respectively. Desertification rehabilitation and carbon sequestration by aquatic plants are two effective ways to increase the carbon sink in karst area. It is estimated that the rate of carbon sink is at least 381 000 t CO₂/a with vegetation restoration and afforestation in southwest China karst area, while the annual organic carbon sink generated by aquatic photosynthesis is about 84 200 t C in the Pearl River Basin. The development of a soil CO₂ based model for assessment of regional dissolution intensity will help to improve the estimation accuracy of carbon sink increase and potential, thus provide a more clear and efficient karst sink increase scheme and pathway to achieve the goals of “double carbon”. With the deep investigation on karst carbon cycle, mechanism and carbon sink effect, and the improvement of watershed carbon sink measurement methods and regional sink increase evaluation approaches. Karst carbon sink is expected to be included in the list of atmospheric CO₂ sources/sinks of the global carbon budget in the near future.  相似文献   

Latest Neogene Paleoclimate Variation in Yunnan,Southwest China,Revealed by Fossil Leaf Physiognomy     

DAI Jing  CHEN Weizhao  HUANG Liang  ZHANG Yi’nan 《《地质学报》英文版》2023,97(4):1268-1281

Yunnan Province, located in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, can provide important information on how climate change was influenced by global cooling. However, its variation patterns in temperature and precipitation during the latest Neogene are not well-understood. Based on the 357 specimens assigned to 31 morphotypes of plant fossils from the upper Pliocene Ciying Formation in Yiliang County, Yunnan Province, Southwest China, paleoclimate was estimated by Leaf Margin Analysis an...  相似文献